Types of fire extinguishers

The water extinguisher

The water extinguisher is the most well-known and most commonly used fire extinguisher. This includes things like a fire hose reel or a hand-held extinguisher filled with water. Its operation is simple: water cools the burning materials, causing the flames to extinguish. A water extinguisher is exclusively suitable for Class A fires, such as fires involving solid materials (wood, paper, textiles). Please note: a water extinguisher must never be used for fires involving liquids, gas, or electricity.

The powder extinguisher

The powder extinguisher is the most versatile fire extinguisher. It usually contains a mixture of ammonium sulphate and ammonium phosphate and can be used for fires of classes A, B, and C. This includes solid substances, liquids (such as petrol), and gas fires. A disadvantage is the collateral damage: the powder is corrosive and penetrates devices, causing serious damage to electronic equipment.

The special ‘D’ powder extinguisher’

For fires of fire class D, i.e. metal fires (for example magnesium or aluminium), a standard powder extinguisher is not sufficient. A special D-powder extinguisher has been developed for this purpose. This contains sodium chloride, which creates a smothering and heat-resistant covering layer over the burning metal.

The CO₂ extinguisher

The CO₂ extinguisher (carbon dioxide extinguisher) is suitable for Class B fires, such as liquid fires. CO₂ displaces the oxygen around the fire, thus stopping the combustion process. This fire extinguisher leaves no residue and causes no damage to equipment, making it widely used in server rooms, kitchens, or laboratories. Please note: less effective in open spaces and not suitable for Class A fires.

The fat extinguisher

The fat extinguisher is specially designed for kitchen fires, such as a pan fire. These fall under fire class F. The extinguishing agent, a mixture of potassium acetate and potassium citrate, reacts with the fat and forms a sealing layer that smothers the fire. Never use water on fat fires, as this can lead to a dangerous flare-up.

The foam extinguisher

A commonly used and practical choice is the foam extinguisher. This fire extinguisher can be used for fire classes A and B and causes little to no collateral damage. This is why you often see these fire extinguishers in offices, shops, or public spaces. The foam lays a blanket over the fire, cutting off oxygen and extinguishing the flames.